Neuropathy

Neuropathy refers to damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves). It can have various causes and often shows up as abnormal sensations, pain or muscle weakness.

Types

• peripheral neuropathy (most common): affects nerves in the hands, feet, arms or legs
• autonomic neuropathy: affects the nerves controlling unconscious body functions – e.g. digestion, blood pressure, sweating
• sensory neuropathy: numbness, tingling, burning or pain
• motor neuropathy: muscle weakness, coordination problems

Common causes

• diabetes mellitus (diabetic neuropathy) – the most common cause
• alcohol (vitamin B1 deficiency)
• medication and chemotherapy
• infections (e.g. Lyme disease, HIV, shingles)
• autoimmune and hereditary diseases

Symptoms

• tingling, numbness, burning or pain – especially in the feet and hands
• reduced sensation of pain and temperature
• muscle weakness
• balance problems, unsteady gait
• changes in sweating

Treatment

• treating the cause – e.g. good blood sugar control, avoiding alcohol, replacing vitamins
• medication against nerve pain
• physiotherapy and occupational therapy
• foot protection: podiatric care, well-fitting shoes, daily checks for wounds and pressure points

With sensory or sensorimotor neuropathy, podiatry can be prescribed by a doctor (diagnosis group NF). Early detection is possible with the monofilament test and the tuning fork test.