Paronychia

Paronychia is an inflammation of the nail fold around the nail, caused by bacteria (usually staphylococci) or less often by fungi. It occurs on fingers or toes and can be acute or chronic.

Types

• acute paronychia: sudden inflammation, often after small injuries (e.g. torn cuticles, nail biting) – usually bacterial
• chronic paronychia: develops over weeks to months – often caused by fungi (Candida) or repeated irritation by water and chemicals

Causes and risk factors

• small injuries (e.g. from manicures, ingrown nails)
• frequent contact with water and chemicals
• diabetes or a weakened immune system
• fungal infections

Symptoms

• redness and swelling of the nail fold
• pain and tenderness
• pus with bacterial infection
• possibly separation of the nail in prolonged cases

Treatment

• early stage: antiseptic baths, disinfection, drawing ointment
• bacterial infection with pus: antibiotic ointments, possibly tablets
• fungal paronychia: antifungal ointments, keep the area dry
• severe cases: drainage of the abscess by a doctor, possibly partial removal of the nail

Prevention

• do not cut the eponychium, only push the cuticle back gently
• do not cut nails too short, avoid sharp edges
• dry and care for hands and feet well